# generate_series

Generates an inclusive series of values. Use it in FROM to produce a one-column table named `generate_series`.

## Syntax

```text
FROM generate_series(start, stop [, step [, timezone]])
```

## Arguments

* `start` — The first numeric or calendar value.
* `stop` — The inclusive bound; it is returned when the chosen step reaches it exactly.
* `step` — The increment. Numeric series default to 1. Timestamp bounds require an explicit native interval or quantity-and-unit step. Zero raises an error.
* `timezone` — An optional timezone for supported calendar series.

A NULL input or a step pointing away from the stop produces no rows. `generate_series` is a table function and cannot be called as an ordinary scalar expression.

## Returned columns

One column, `generate_series`, containing one generated value per row in series order.

## Examples

### Inclusive ascending series

```sql
SELECT generate_series AS number
FROM generate_series(1, 3)
FORMAT csv;
```

```text
1
2
3
```

### Descending with an explicit step

```sql
SELECT generate_series AS number
FROM generate_series(5, 1, -2)
FORMAT csv;
```

```text
5
3
1
```

### A direction that cannot reach the bound

```sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM generate_series(1, 5, -1)
FORMAT csv;
```

```text
0
```

See the [date and time functions](https://coordinatordb.com/docs/reference/functions/regular-functions/date-time-functions) for calendar values and [utility functions](https://coordinatordb.com/docs/reference/functions/regular-functions/other-functions#generate_series) for the full series input contract.